Reducing Your Capital Gains Tax (CGT) Liability

Capital Gains Tax (CGT) applies when chargeable assets are disposed of and is applicable to individuals and trustees but not to limited companies, although Limited Companies do pay Corporation Tax on the gains that they make.

Chargeable assets includes all forms of property unless it is specifically exempt. The main assets it tends to apply to are land and buildings, shares and business assets including goodwill. CGT can be very complex and the rules are far more detailed that can be explained in this brief blog post, so read the Helpsheet after this post.

How a Capital Gain occurs

A capital gain occurs when the value of an asset at the date it is disposed of is higher than when it was first acquired. An asset can be disposed of either by sale or by gift. If you give away an asset in an uncommercial transaction, the market value will replace any actual consideration paid.

For assets acquired before 31 March 1982 the cost usually taken to be the value on that day, although actual cost can be used in some circumstances.

The following also reduce the amount of the chargeable gain...

Incidental costs of acquisition
Expenditure to enhance the value of the asset
Incidental costs of disposal, and
Tax reliefs and allowances (see below)

Rate of Tax

From 23 June 2-1- a new CGT rate of 28% was introduced where the total taxable gains and income are above the income tax basic rate band. Prior to that and below that limit, the rate is 18%. For trustees and personal representatives of deceased persons the rate increased from 18% to 28% on all gains from 23 June 2010.

Tax Reliefs

There are several different tax reliefs which can reduce the chargeable gain, including...

Rollover/holdover relief on replacement of business assets - allowing you to defer the CGT on a gain of a business asset where this is matched with a replacement of a new business asset in the period commencing one year before and ending three years after the disposal.

Business incorporation relief - available when you transfer your business into a Limited Company in exchange for shares